Cataract surgery in Down syndrome babies requires special considerations.
According to the "British Journal of Ophthalmology," only a small number, 1.4 percent, of newborn babies with Down syndrome will have cataracts severe enough to warrant surgery. However, if an operation is necessary, it will carry risks associated with the condition.
When will cataracts require surgery?
Surgery will not be necessary if the cataract only impedes a small area of the eye's natural lens as it will be possible to see round it. If the cataract is dense enough to cover most of the lens, then vision will be significantly impaired and surgery will be required.
What is the Surgical Procedure?
For babies, cataract surgery will take place under general anesthesia. The procedure involves the removal of the eye's natural lens. It will be replaced with an artificial one, either immediately or once the eye is fully grown.
Risks Associated with Heart Defects
According to the Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, up to 50 percent of Down syndrome babies are born with a congenital heart defect that could cause difficulties under anesthesia. A detailed cardiovascular examination and an electrocardiogram (ECG) should be carried out in advance of surgery.
Risks associated with Respiratory Problems
Babies with Down syndrome are also prone to high blood pressure in the lungs (pulmonary hypertension) and obstructions to the airway. These symptoms can pose an increased risk under anesthesia.
Risks Associated with Anesthesia
Down syndrome babies with heart or lung problems are more likely to react badly to general anesthetic. Even a brief period of anesthesia can lead to complications, but a major operation poses a significantly greater risk. Side effects can include post-operative chest infection, permanent nerve damage, anaphylaxis and, very rarely, death.
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