Precautions should be taken during hot and humid weather to prevent heat stress.
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) indicates that a rapid increase in body temperature can result in conditions of heat stress, such as heat exhaustion or heat stroke. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), heat stress may be caused by a combination of factors including direct sun, high temperatures, high humidity, physical exertion and limited air movement.
Heat Exhaustion
Symptoms of heat exhaustion include heavy sweating, moist skin, muscle cramps, weakness, dizziness, confusion, irritability, paleness, fatigue, nausea, vomiting, headache and fainting. According to the CDC, heat exhaustion may be treated with rest, cool (nonalcoholic) beverages, air conditioning, lightweight clothing and a cool bath or shower.
Heat Stroke
The CDC indicates that heat stroke is more severe. Body temperatures can increase very rapidly resulting in permanent damage or death. Call for emergency medical assistance if any of the symptoms are evident, including a body temperature higher than 103 degrees, rapid pulse, throbbing headache, dizziness, confusion, nausea, dry and hot skin with no perspiration, convulsions or seizures and loss of consciousness. Seek shade for the victim and attempt to cool him with cool water or put him in a cool shower or tub of water. Monitor his body temperature and continue cooling measures until assistance arrives or his temperature decreases to between 101 and 102 degrees. Do not administer fluids to drink.
High Risk
Anyone can develop heat stress, but some individuals are at a higher risk of heat exhaustion and heat stroke than others, including infants, young children, overweight people and elderly people (65 years old and older). Overexertion can result in dehydration and lead to heat-related illnesses. Individuals who have high blood pressure, heart disease or other medical conditions are also at a higher risk.
Prevention
There are ways to prevent heat stress, according to the CDC. When working or exercising in hot conditions, drink between 16 and 32 ounces of cool fluids every hour. Avoid alcoholic or sugary beverages. Wear lightweight clothing that is loose fitting and protect yourself with a wide-brimmed hat and sunglasses. Avoid being outdoors in the middle of the day when temperatures are higher. Wear sunscreen to prevent sunburn. Use air conditioning or fans whenever possible. If heat exhaustion is not treated promptly, it can progress quickly to heat stroke.
Considerations
Use common sense in regard to high temperatures. Allow your body to gradually become accustomed to sudden temperature changes. Never leave children in cars, even if the windows are partly open. Temperatures inside the vehicle can increase rapidly, even in cooler weather. Listen to weather reports for extreme heat conditions. The CDC recommends avoiding heavy meals or hot foods. Remember to provide your pets with plenty of fresh water.
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