Behavior Modification Principles & Procedures
Behavior modification principles and practices are practical techniques used to modify a person's behavior. It's based on the use of a reward system that targets specific behaviors. Rewards are used to reshape a person's motivations so old habits are eliminated and new, more beneficial habits are formed.
Identification
Behavior modification principles and practices are used to assist individuals with developing new, desirable behaviors while eliminating behaviors that are no longer useful. The techniques used are based on a branch of psychology called behavioral theory. Behavioral theory is based on two areas of study that took place in the 20th century. Classical conditioning--developed by Ivan P. Pavlov--focused on stimulus-response patterns. Operant conditioning--developed by B. F. Skinner--added positive and negative reinforcement practices to the stimulus-response model.
Function
The principles of operant conditioning rely on a schedule of reinforcement to bring about the desired results. Target behaviors are reinforced as soon as they occur, while negative behaviors are discouraged. Reward and punishment tools are also used to strengthen new behaviors. In effect, these tools work to redirect a person's motivations toward the desired outcome.
Extinction
A behavior, or habit, is framed by what happens before and what happens after the behavior is carried out. The principle of extinction works by removing or changing what happens after the behavior takes place. In effect, the incentive or reward that motivates a person to carry out a certain behavior is taken away. When this happens over and over again, the motivation to indulge in a certain behavior begins to fade. Eventually, the behavior itself becomes extinct for lack of incentive.
Systematic Desensitization
Systematic desensitization is a behavior modification practice used to eliminate fears or undesirable emotions. An example of this practice would be removing a person's fear of public speaking. This is done by gradually exposing a person to the experience of public speaking. Speaking in front of a small group of friends or family might be a first step. The person then gradually works up to speaking in front of a larger group of strangers or associates.
Biofeedback
Behavior modification principles also can be used to treat emotional problems that are triggered by a physical symptom. Biofeedback is a method that provides immediate feedback on a person's physiological state, be it heart rate, breathing rate or blood pressure. Feedback is provided by a mechanical device that lets the person know when a particular symptom is present. By controlling the symptom, the resulting emotional response can be prevented. An example of this would be someone who has problems controlling anger. The increases in breathing rate and heart rate can be monitored and controlled with practice. Once controlled, a person is better able to control an angry outburst.
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