Crohn's disease is a type of inflammatory bowel disease which results in abdominal pain and severe diarrhea. Because Crohn's disease causes inflammation of the digestive tract lining, medications which reduce inflammation can help. Corticosteroids can be an early line of defense against Crohn's disease.
Considerations
Because of side effects, doctors usually prescribe steroids for only short-term use of up to four months for Crohn's disease. The steroids can improve symptoms, induce remission and treat flare-ups. Some patients, however, need long-term steroid use for this disorder.
Hip Joint Degeneration
Long-term corticosteroid use can lead to a severe complication called aseptic necrosis of the hip joints. This condition results in degeneration and death of the hip bone, and the patient may eventually need hip replacement.
Osteoporosis
Osteoporosis, or bone thinning, also can be caused by long-term corticosteroid use. These medications decrease the absorption of calcium and increase the loss of calcium. Osteoporosis can lead to spine fractures.
Adrenal Insufficiency
A patient using corticosteroids for a lengthy time frame also may acquire adrenal insufficiency, in which the adrenal glands cannot produce adequate cortisol. Cortisol is important for the immune system during health stressors such as infections and surgery.
Additional Physical Effects
Long-term steroid use also can cause cataracts and glaucoma. It is associated with weight gain, diabetes and high blood pressure.
Psychological Effects
Additionally, psychological effects are linked to use of steroids for longer than several months. These include depression, mood swings, irritability and insomnia.
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