Radiation therapy is an effective cancer treatment. Doctors use it alone and in combination with other treatments such as surgery or chemotherapy. If you develop cancer in your head, radiation can destroy or shrink the tumor. Cranial radiation, however, can have side effects that include problems with your teeth.
The Facts
Radiation therapy comes in two forms -- external and internal. With external radiation, high-energy particles or waves are directed at a cancer growth from outside the body. With internal radiation, a radioactive seed is implanted either into or right beside the tumor. Radiation damages cancer cells and either destroys them or interferes with their ability to grow. Radiation therapy can be used to treat cranial cancer. If you have cranial radiation therapy, it can have negative effects on your teeth.
Cavities
One of the effects cranial radiation has on teeth is an increased risk of tooth decay. This can lead to the development of multiple cavities. The cavities can develop on several teeth or you might find more than one on a single tooth. Cavities can lead to pain in the effected teeth and cause difficulty eating. If a cavity progresses too far before it is caught, you might need a root canal or to have the tooth removed.
Other Effects
Cranial radiation can also harm teeth by increasing the risk of infection in your mouth. The infection can develop on your tongue, your gums or your teeth. An infected tooth can be painful and lead to difficulty chewing or talking. Cranial radiation can also cause changes to the bone of your jaw. If these changes are severe enough, your teeth can be affected along with the rest of your mouth.
Treatment
Because cranial radiation therapy will continue to cause damage to healthy tissue even as it combats cancer, most treatment of its effects on teeth is focused on managing symptoms. Eating soft food can help reduce pain while chewing. If you develop an infection in a tooth, an antibiotic can clear it. Your dentist can fill any cavities that develop or pull teeth that are badly damaged.
Considerations
Before undergoing cranial radiation, see your dentist. She can help mitigate its effects on your teeth by treating any current dental problems you might have. Beginning therapy with clean teeth and no cavities can reduce the radiation trouble you might have later on. Ask about special fluoride rinses and gels you can use during treatment to help keep your teeth strong.
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