A colonoscopy is a moderately involved procedure that is invaluable in the assessment of colon health. Most problems relate to the anesthesia involved with the procedure as opposed to the procedure itself. It allows a clear view of the inside of the colon showing any questionable areas that require a more involved microscopic examination. People with a family or personal history of cancer or other colon issues should plan the frequency of colonoscopies with their physician.
Mechanics of a Colonoscopy
A camera that is attached to the end of a small tube is gently inserted into the anus and then moved along the colon to get a clear picture of the health of the tissue inside. Typically patients are fasted on broth or other clear liquids overnight to empty the colon of fecal matter. An enema is administered prior to the colonoscopy to further remove fecal matter ensuring as much of the colon as possible can be seen.
What it looks for
For the most part, the interior lining of the colon should look the same throughout, smooth and pink. Polyps or small growths are frequently encountered and should be biopsied as they can be pre-cancerous or cancerous. Other lesions on the colon lining may also be noted and should also be biopsied, they can be indicative of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease, both serious conditions.
Risk Factors
Age, a history of cancer in the family, or symptoms of bloody stool and chronic diarrhea are all factors in when and how often to get a colonoscopy. Starting at age 50, the risk of developing some form of cancer goes up. Older men are at particular risk of developing colon cancer. Poor diet and a hard lifestyle, drinking alcohol or smoking daily and not getting enough exercise, also increase the risk of poor colon health.
Frequency
For someone at low risk for cancer, Johns Hopkins Medicine recommends a colonoscopy every 10 years. For people at high risk it should be performed every three to five years. For those with a history of cancer their doctor will set a recheck schedule that should be followed. Active symptoms of bloody stool or stomach pain should not be ignored, seek medical attention immediately.
Adverse Reactions
Typically the only adverse effects to a colonoscopy is a poor reaction to the sedation or anesthesia involved with the procedure. It is important to give your physician accurate information about drug allergies, prior anesthetic issues and current health problems prior to the procedure. It is also important to schedule enough time to rest following the procedure. Most people will feel the effects for 12 hours or so.
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