Kidney failure occurs when the kidneys lose their abilities to eliminate waste and purify urine that passes through them. These conditions occur from conditions like high blood pressure, injuries, surgery or serious illnesses like septic shock. However, many people experience rare causes of kidney failure that are discovered when they are examined by a doctor.
Bartter Syndrome
Bartter syndrome is a rare cause of kidney failure that occurs in infancy or childhood. The U.S. National Library of Medicine states that this rare condition leads to low blood pressure and loss of potassium. The kidneys lose their ability to absorb potassium; therefore, large amounts of potassium exit the body. If this condition is not detected and treated in childhood, kidney failure results from it. Sufferers usually have to add more potassium to their diets.
Fabry Disease
Fabry disease is a rare genetic condition that causes kidney failure. This condition usually starts in childhood and manifests itself in an unusually high fat buildup in the cells of the body. Physical characteristics of this condition include pain in the hands and feet, inability to sweat, cloudy eyes and hearing loss. It leads to kidney failure because the body is unable to reabsorb potassium.
Fanconi Syndrome
Fanconi syndrome is a rare condition that can lead to kidney failure because of damaged renal tubes. This damage causes an excessive loss of nutrients and minerals via the urine. This condition can either be genetic or the result of kidney damage caused by toxins or myeloma, a white blood cell cancer.
Goodpasture's Syndrome
The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearinghouse says that Goodpasture's syndrome is a rare autoimmune condition in which the lungs and kidneys turn on themselves. This rare cause of kidney failure puzzles doctors because they have not figured out how this condition starts. They have narrowed it down to genetics and chemical exposure. This condition takes eight weeks to two years to correct with medical intervention; however, people can still face kidney failure because of scarring to this vital organ.
Polyarteritis Nodosa
The U.S. National Library of Medicine states that polyarteritis nodosa, a blood vessel disease, causes artery inflammation and damage. This damage causes tissue damage in vital organ systems, including the kidneys, because the arteries lose their ability to carry oxygen-rich blood to the necessary organs. The lack of oxygen causes kidney failure when this system is affected.
Placenta Abruptio
The U.S. National Library of Medicine defines placenta abruption as a condition in which a pregnant woman's placenta separates from the uterine wall before the baby is born. The abrupt detachment causes extensive blood loss, causing temporary kidney failure. To avoid permanent kidney damage, doctors stabilize women, monitoring all of their vital signs and administering treatments to protect the kidneys.
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