Atherosclerosis is a cardiovascular condition that can lead to hardening and narrowing of the arteries. Atherosclerosis can lead to raised blood pressure, heart attacks and strokes. One of the major factors in atherosclerosis is high levels of cholesterol carried in low density lipoproteins. These proteins can be absorbed where they will cause the formation of a special kind of cell called a foam cell.
Identification
Foam cells are cells that are derived from macrophages. Macrophages are special cells involved in the immune system that can also pick up debris and other extracellular components.
Foam Cell Formation
Foam cells are created when a macrophage absorbs a low density lipoprotein (LDL) molecule, a type of protein which is used to transport cholesterol.
Nomenclature
Foam cells are named because the absorption of the LDL creates large lipid-filled areas within the cell, making them appear "foamy" under a microscope.
Location
Foam cells are typically found in the periphery of blood cells, especially in large blood vessels such as arteries.
Signficance
Foam cells can accumulate in a pocket where they can form the base for an atherosclerotic plaque, which can lead to hardening of the arteries and possible blockage.
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