A bunion as a bony abnormality of the big toe joint. The joint becomes misaligned with the foot's skeletal structure so that the toe joint points outward. Signs that a bunion is forming include a bulging bump on the outside of the big toe, soreness and pain. The skin around the toe is thicker, and calluses can appear where the toe overlaps the second toe. There are several things to consider when caring for bunions.
Shoes
Bunions can be caused by a variety of factors, but the most common is wearing tight shoes, which also aggravate an existing bunion condition. Do not wear shoes that are too small or tight in the toe area. Wear shoes with plenty of space for toes; avoid elongated, pointy shoes. Avoid shoes with heels higher than 2¼ inches; wear flat shoes with a wide, square or round toe.
Padding and Inserts
Decrease pain by taping the bunion to reposition the foot properly. Add padding for additional relief. Padding made especially for bunions can be purchased at a pharmacy in the foot care section. Consult with a foot specialist about shoe inserts or orthotics; the inserts can decrease movement of your foot when you're wearing shoes. Some orthotics can be purchased at specialty shops, while others come only with a prescription.
Medications
Take medication to alleviate pain and swelling of the toe area. Acetaminophen is a general pain medication, while ibuprofen and naproxen sodium will also reduce inflammation and swelling. Some patients are prescribed cortisone injections for additional relief; talk to a medial professional if over-the-counter medications are not alleviating pain. Reduce swelling by applying ice or a cold gel pack to the area two to three times a day. Do not apply the cold pack directly to the skin; use a barrier such as a towel or washcloth to avoid causing frostbite.
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