Bronchitis is a common condition that is often mistaken for the common cold. An episode of bronchitis may develop following a cold or flu. Although people often experience bronchitis during the winter months, it may occur at any time of the year, and chronic bronchitis may last for weeks or months at a time.
Features
Bronchitis is an inflammation of the bronchial tubes. The tubes carry air to the lungs. When they become infected, the tubes swell and mucus develops, making it difficult to breathe. A person with bronchitis may not seek medical attention because the symptoms of bronchitis are similar to a cold, and so the bronchitis usually gets worse.
Types
Bronchitis can be acute or chronic. Acute bronchitis comes on suddenly, often following another illness, and may be caused by a virus. An attack of acute bronchitis may be more severe, but doesn't last long. Chronic bronchitis may be caused by long-term smoking or exposure to pollutants. Although acute bronchitis may be treated with medication, there is no cure for long-term bronchitis.
Effects
The most common symptom of bronchitis is the characteristic cough, which is usually accompanied by a greenish or yellow sputum. The cough may become worse at night. Other symptoms of bronchitis include sore throat, fever, chest congestion, shortness of breath, wheezing, muscle aches, chills, fatigue and chest pain.
Significance
Bronchitis can be caused by a virus, bacteria, smoking or being exposed to second hand smoke, chemical pollutants, dust and other factors. Bronchitis can be spread through airborne viruses or through contact with contaminated surfaces. An infected person can release the virus into the air by coughing and sneezing. The air is then breathed in by others who may then contract the virus.
Considerations
Bronchitis is usually diagnosed by a physical examination, listening to the lungs through a stethoscope, blood tests and chest X-ray. Bronchitis that is caused by bacteria may be treated with antibiotics, but bronchitis caused by a virus does not respond to antibiotic treatment. Bronchitis usually clears up on its own. Plenty of rest, fluids and over-the-counter pain relievers can alleviate discomfort and speed recovery. Avoid smoking, since it can slow the healing process.
Prevention/Solution
Bronchitis may be prevented by making certain lifestyle adjustments. Don't smoke and avoid being around second hand smoke. Wash your hands when coming in contact with surfaces that may be contaminated, such as in the workplace or when caring for family members that are ill.
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