U.S. Congressmen have a number of functions in their capacity as elected legislative officials.
Congress is the elected legislative body of the government of the United States. It consists of two houses, the House of Representatives and the Senate, and members are elected to two and six year terms, respectively. While the House and Senate serve some different functions, a bill has to pass both houses to become a law. This, however, represents just one of the duties of a United States Congressman.
Drafting and Voting on New Laws
Congressmen introduce new laws to govern the United States or amend current laws to reflect changing times and realities. Both houses can introduce new legislation, but revenue bills must originate in the House of Representatives. Congressmen then vote on the proposed legislation after sometimes lengthy debates, and if it passes a simple majority in both houses, it goes to the President for signature. If the President vetoes the bill, Congress can override the veto with a two-thirds majority vote. After the President signs the bill, or Congress overrides a veto, the bill becomes a law.
Serve on Committees
Congressmen in both houses serve on committees that serve a variety of functions, from studying and amending legislation, vetting presidential nominees and conducting investigations. Congressmen can serve on multiple committees, but only a member of the majority party can chair the committee.
Voting on War, Treaties and Nominees
Congress has the power to formally declare war on another nation, although Presidents occasionally order troops to war in special circumstances. The Senate has the power to vote on treaties entered into by the United States with foreign nations, and must pass the treaties by two-thirds vote in order for the treaty to become valid. Presidential nominees must be approved by the Senate, as well.
Impeach the President or other Federal Officers
Members of the House of Representatives decide whether the President or other federal officials or judges have committed impeachable offenses and should be put on trial. Once this determination is made, the Senate holds an impeachment trial, which decides whether these officials should be removed from office.
Represent Constituents
Congressmen are ultimately elected to represent the constituents of their district or state. The House of Representatives consists of 435 members from all 50 states, with the number of Congressmen per state apportioned by population. The Senate has 100 members, with two coming from each state. Congressmen meet with their constituents on occasion and their staff members take communication from any constituent who wishes to contact their representative.
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