The human papillomavirus (HPV) causes genital and non-genital warts. There are over 100 different strains affecting different parts of the body, and most are harmless, according to Medline Plus. However, the strains that cause genital warts can increase the risk of cancer.
High-Risk Strains
There are 13 high-risk strains of HPV. Strains 16 and 18 cause 70 percent of all cervical cancer and strains 6 and 11 cause 90 percent of genital warts, according to the FDA.
Low-Risk Strains
Low-risk strains may cause warts in the genitals or other parts of the body and abnormal pap smear results in women, but generally do not progress to cancer.
Transmission and Prevention
HPV is transmitted through vaginal, oral and anal sex. Using a condom can reduce the risk of transmission. The Gardasil vaccine can prevent certain strains that may cause cancer.
Complications
The high-risk strains can cause cancer of the cervix, vagina, penis and anus. In rare cases, HPV can cause tumors to grow in the larynx, vocal cords or upper respiratory system.
Treatment
There is no treatment for HPV, but the body's immune system may fight off the virus on its own. The warts can be treated with medication or by burning them off.
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